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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSelectionofMethodsforAssessingGroundWaterorAquiferSensitiviyandVulnerability
【原文标准名称】:评价地下水或含水层敏感性和脆弱性的方法选择标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6030-1996(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aquifers;contamination;groundwaterflow;pollution;Aquifers;Contamination--soil;Groundwater;Pollution;Waterqualitydegradation
【摘要】:Sensitivityandvulnerabilitymethodscanbeappliedtoavarietyofhydrogeologicsettings,whetherornottheycontainspecificallyidentifiedaquifers.However,somemethodsarebestsuitedtoassessgroundwaterwithinaquifers,whileothersassessgroundwateraboveaquifersorgroundwaterinareaswhereaquifershavenotbeenidentified.Intergranularmediasystems,includingalluviumandterracedeposits,valleyfillaquifers,glacialoutwash,sandstones,andunconsolidatedcoastalplainsedimentsarecharacterizedbyintergranularflow,andthusgenerallyexhibitslowerandmorepredictableground-watervelocitiesanddirectionsthaninfracturedmedia.Suchsettingsareamenabletoassessmentbythemethodsdescribedinthisguide.Hydrologicsettingsdominatedbyfracturefloworflowinsolutionopeningsaregenerallynotamenabletosuchassessments,andapplicationofthesetechniquestosuchsettingsmayprovidemisleadingortotallyerroneousresults.Themethodsdiscussedinthisguideprovideuserswithinformationformakingland-andwater-usemanagementdecisionsbasedontherelativesensitivityorvulnerabilityofunderlyinggroundwateroraquiferstocontamination.Mostsensitivityandvulnerabilityassessmentmethodsaredesignedtoevaluatebroadregionalareasforpurposesofassistingfederal,state,andlocalofficialstoidentifyandprioritizeareaswheremoredetailedassessmentsarewarranted,todesignandlocatemonitoringsystems,andtohelpdevelopoptimumground-watermanagement,useandprotectionpolicies.However,someofthesemethodsareindependentofthesizeoftheareaevaluatedand,therefore,canbeusedtoevaluatetheaquifersensitivityandvulnerabilityofanyspecificarea.Manymethodsforassessingground-watersensitivityandvulnerabilityrequireinformationonsoils,andforsometypesofpotentialground-watercontaminants,soilisthemostimportantfactoraffectingcontaminantmovementandattenuationfromthelandsurfacetogroundwater.Therelativelylargesurfaceareaoftheclay-sizeparticlesinmostsoilsandthesoils''contentoforganicmatterprovidesitesfortheretardationanddegradationofcontaminants.Unfortunately,therearesignificantdifferencesinthedefinitionofsoilbetweenthesciencesofhydrogeology,engineering,andagronomy.Forthepurposesofthisguide,soilsareconsideredtobethoseunconsolidatedorganicmaterialsandsolidmineralparticlesthathavebeenderivedfromweatheringandarecharacterizedbysignificantbiologicalactivity.IntheUnitedStates,thesetypicallyincludeunconsolidatedmaterialsthatoccurtoadepthof2to3mormore.Inmanyareas,significantthicknessesofunconsolidatedmaterialsmayoccurbelowthesoil.Retardation,degradation,andotherchemicalattenuationprocessesaretypicallylessthanintheuppersoilhorizons.Theseunderlyingmaterialsmaybetheresultofdepositionalprocessesormayhaveformedinplacebylong-termweatheringprocesseswithonlylimitedbiologicalactivity.Therefore,whencompilingthedatarequiredforassessingground-watersensitivityandvulnerability,itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthesoilzoneandtheunderlyingsedimentsandtorecognizethatthetwozoneshavesignificantlydifferenthydraulicandattenuationproperties.1.1Thisguidecoversinformationneededtoselectoneormoremethodsforassessingthesensitivityofgroundwateroraquifersandthevulnerabilityofgroundwateroraquiferstowater-qualitydegradationbyspecificcontaminants.1.2Thisguidemaynotbeall-inclusive;itoffersaseriesofoptionsanddoesnotspecifyacourseofaction.Itshouldnotbeusedasthesolecriterionorbasisofcomparison,anddoesnotreplaceprofessionaljudgment.1.3Thisguideistobeusedforevaluatingsensitivityandvulnerability......
【中国标准分类号】:P12
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语